Global Leadership And Organizational Behavior...

Case study Ch 4: Tell the Kid?s We?re Moving to Kenya Student?s name: Date of submission: GLOBE stands for Global Leadership and organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research project a group of international social scientists and management scholars that study cross-cultural leadership. They have outlined six dimensions won which global leaders should have in their behaviors that acted as bases for leadership comparison. The units for measurement are performance orientation, assertiveness, future orientation, human orientation, collectivism, gender egalitarianism, power and uncertainty. The dimensions for global leadership are charismatic, team-oriented, self-protective, participative, human orientation in this case the leader is modest, compassionate towards others, and finally able to perform without frequent consultation, autonomous. (House et al.) Geert Hofstede is a researcher researching on the global leadership he focuses on how culture affects values in a workplace. He defends that all behaviors are defined by culture. The culture of a place affects how an individual behaves. Hofstede cultural dimensions are power distance index it measures the power of members in an organization it shows how the society handles inequality. Individualism is how an individual is integrated in a group. Masculinity this evaluates the distribution of roles. Uncertainty avoidance tolerance to the society, long-term orientation shows the values of perseverance and finally theShow MoreRelatedHofstede And Globe ( Global Leadership And Organisation Behaviour Effectiveness1108 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract This report is comparison between Hofstede and GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organisation Behaviour Effectiveness) research on Culture and Leadership. Hofstede and GLOBE is similar, they both investigation the behaviour of organisations in different countries and across culture. But the way and research scope still quite different. In this report we will summarized and reviewed the theoretical dimension of various culture and leadership. Include the deficiencies in Hofstede’s work which the GLOBERead MoreContemporary Views Of Leadership And Leadership1513 Words   |  7 PagesViews of Leadership Leadership encompasses all areas of our lives. Everyone performs a leadership role in their household one way or the other. Parents perform leadership roles every day in their homes. In schools, leadership roles are being performed on a daily basis by students and teachers. In churches, there are pastors, deacons, elders, etc. perform leadership roles. At your jobs, leadership roles come into play each and every day. As you can see leadership is a veryRead MoreThe Stress Level Among Employees1035 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagers and team members disagree about perceptions of organizational support, stress level among employees increases. The employees are unsure about how to proceed with the task in hand, if they don’t know what management is expected of the task or what management see as the project output. This scenario combined with increased job demand causes employees to stress out more as there is no clear guidance on how proceed here. Organizational culture with less support and encouragement for innovationsRead MoreThe Effects Of Emotional Regulation On Leadership Abilities1574 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership is perhaps the most well studied aspect of this research proposal, but has only minimally been looked at in relation to emotions and stressful situations. Leadership is such a broad concept that any viewing of it from a particular perspective may yield new results. Understanding if leaders can benefit from emotion regulation training is important due to the many factors that can impact leadership abilities (Arnold et al., 2015; Foti Hauenstein, 2007). Openings and gaps in the literatureRead MoreStrategic Management : Strategic Managers939 Words   |  4 Pagesexecutives are responsible for developing strategies for the organizational structure as well as the facilities and tools required to support the mission and vision. Leaders must take into consider the degree to which the organization should operate virtually. Facilities and IT tools differ depending on the geographical location, culture, global partnerships, industry, and types of projects within an organization. Facility Design Research found that the most effective facility strategy is a hybridRead MoreOrganizational Development Of A Global Organization1188 Words   |  5 Pagesthe development of a global organization, I would discuss with the leader the data gathered by the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program (GLOBE) to understand how to effectively create an inclusive culture (House, Hanges, Javidan, Dorfman, Gupta, 2004). Countries, where this corporation is planting the business operations, are Greece, Singapore, Germany, and Iran. Diverse employees will be hired from these countries to work as a global team. It would be imperativeRead MoreA Leadership Profile of American Project Managers.4785 Words   |  20 PagesTitle: A leadership profile of American project managers. By: Zimmerer, Thomas W., Yasin, Mahmoud M., Project Management Journal, 87569728, Mar1998, Vol. 29, Issue 1 Abstract This paper reports the results of a survey of senior  project  managers. The results clearly and unequivocally identify positive success and negative  leadership  as the cause of  project  failure. The characteristics of  leadership  are further identified, as well as the  projectmanagement  tools  that are most useful and mostRead MoreAnalysis Of Geert Hofstede s Cultural Theory1644 Words   |  7 PagesCulture influences our expectations of what is appropriate or inappropriate and also learned and reflects the values of a society. It frames our experiences and provides us with patterns of behavior, thinking, feeling, and interacting. In summary, culture affects every prospect of daily life - how we think and feel, how we learn and teach, or what we consider to be beautiful or cross-grained. However, most people are unaware of their own culture until they experience another. In fact, we don t regularlyRead MoreAnalysis Of Geert Hofstede s Cultural Theory1644 W ords   |  7 PagesCulture influences our expectations of what is appropriate or inappropriate and also learned and reflects the values of a society. It frames our experiences and provides us with patterns of behavior, thinking, feeling, and interacting. In summary, culture affects every prospect of daily life - how we think and feel, how we learn and teach, or what we consider to be beautiful or cross-grained. However, most people are unaware of their own culture until they experience another. In fact, we don t regularlyRead MoreGlobal Leadership And Organizational Behavior Effectiveness1671 Words   |  7 PagesThe Project GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness). The GLOBE research followed in Hofstede s footsteps yet also searched for additional dimensions (Cater, Lang Szabo, 2013, p. 446) as depicted and defined on Table II. In light of the GLOBE findings, earlier conceptualisations of culture have been reconsidered with respect to the impact of c ulture on leadership (Dickson et al., 2012 as cited in Cater et al., 2013, p. 447). GLOBE researchers introduced twnety one first-orderr Global Leadership And Organizational Behavior... Over the last few decades, psychologists, and psychiatrists, in addition to researchers in other fields have been involved with several studies pertaining to the differences of cultures encountered in many countries. One of the most interesting researches was by Geet Hofstede who began his studies in the 1965 (Jan, n.d). He published his first book on his findings in the 1980s. It included four cultural dimensions: individualism-collectivism; uncertainty avoidance; power distance (strength of social hierarchy) and masculinity-femininity (Jan, n.d). He added a fifth dimension, the long-term versus short term orientation later on, and in 2010 he added a sixth dimension, the indulgence versus self-restraint (Jan, n.d). In 1993, Dr. Robert J. House at the University of Pennsylvania started a huge research called the GLOBE project which stands for: Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research (Wikipedia, Global leadership, n.d.). The GLOBE project studied the findi ngs of Hofstede and expanded its investigation to cover 62 countries, 170 co-country investigators and over 17000 managers worldwide (Wikipedia, Global leadership, n.d.). The GLOBE project includes 9 cultural dimensions also called cultural competencies which are: Performance Orientation Uncertainty Avoidance Humane Orientation Institutional Collectivism In-Group Collectivism Assertiveness Gender Egalitarianism Future Orientation Power Distance In the textbook, McLean lists 9 divergentShow MoreRelatedGlobal Leadership And Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Project1204 Words   |  5 PagesTell the Kid?s We?re Moving to Kenya Student?s name: Date of submission: GLOBE stands for Global Leadership and organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research project a group of international social scientists and management scholars that study cross-cultural leadership. They have outlined six dimensions won which global leaders should have in their behaviors that acted as bases for leadership comparison. The units for measurement are performance orientation, assertiveness, future orientationRead MoreEssay on Applied Business Research Case Study935 Words   |  4 Pagesever-changing global market. After years of unscrupulous corporate leaders managing and leading some of the world’s biggest corporations to failure, researchers and business leaders realize the need for ethical and sound leadership. The need for ethical and sound leadership helps to facilitate and manage daily operations and to sustain their competitive advantage within the global economy. However, with this evolution, numerous research studies add to the understanding of leadersh ip theories andRead MoreHofstede And Globe ( Global Leadership And Organisation Behaviour Effectiveness1108 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract This report is comparison between Hofstede and GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organisation Behaviour Effectiveness) research on Culture and Leadership. Hofstede and GLOBE is similar, they both investigation the behaviour of organisations in different countries and across culture. But the way and research scope still quite different. In this report we will summarized and reviewed the theoretical dimension of various culture and leadership. Include the deficiencies in Hofstede’s work which the GLOBERead MoreAnalysis Of Organizational Management During The United States Military1545 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Organizational Management in the United States Military Throughout history, the theory of what constitutes effective management practice has evolved with the changes and advances in technology and society. However, there are basic principles of each theory that have either influenced contemporary theory or are overtly used in today’s organizations. For example, the United States military overall ascribes to a classical organizational theory of management with an emphasis on transactionalRead MoreThe Role Of Organizational Behavior By Embracing Performance Management Research Essay759 Words   |  4 Pagesvalues’, Academy of Management Journal, 42(5), pp.507-525. Aguinis, H., C. Pierce, (2008) ‘Enhancing the Relevance of Organizational Behavior by Embracing Performance Management Research’, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29 (1) pp.139-145 Atrill, P., E. McLaney, (2011) Accounting and Finance for Non-Specialists, 7th Edition, Harlow: FT/Prentice Hall Barney, J. (1986) ‘Organizational Culture: Can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage’? Academy of Management 11(3), pp. 656-665. BarneyRead MoreThe Effects of Cultural Intelligence on Leadership Effectiveness in Multinational Organizations1354 Words   |  5 PagesA Study on Cultural intelligence and its effect on leadership effectiveness and behavior in multinational organizations in Asia Introduction The success of corporate sector is the critical element for the sustained growth and prosperous economy of any nation. In today’s tough competitive market environment, organizations strive to differentiate themselves from the rest by offering the most innovative product and services to the consumers. Organizations that offer solutions beyond the current needsRead MoreEssay On Leadership Development From A Global Perspective1022 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership Development from a Global Perspective In our modern world, business conduct operations in a global environment; unfortunately, however, far too many business leaders are currently out of touch with the personnel they are called upon to lead. Businesses must not only respect their localities and leading marketplaces, but they must also bear in mind the entire globe. Furthermore, more and more business leaders are beginning to manage international companies that operate in different partsRead MoreHow Personality Traits and Leadership Styles Influence Organizational Leadership1288 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction of findings Researchers correlate effective organizational leadership with certain characteristics. McHugh (2009) stated that â€Å"there may be no other feature of American life that contains as much bias toward extroversion as leadership.† This means that debate still exists whether or not introverts may be effective as leaders compared to extroverts. Some researches would argue that introverts are more reserved and prefer to work alone without the aid of anyone else. Introverts areRead MoreThe Building Blocks Of Society Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesroles and religion that is acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. Culture is the totality of a person’s learned and accumulated experience which is socially transmitted, or in other words, behavior that is acquired through social learning. A culture is a way of life for a group of people, passed along by communication from one generation to the next. Finally culture can be defined as the collective programming that distinguishes the membersRead MoreOrganizational Development Of A Global Organization1188 Words   |  5 Pagesthe development of a global organization, I would discuss with the leader the data gathered by the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program (GLOBE) to understand how to effectively create an inclusive culture (House, Hanges, Javidan, Dorfman, Gupta, 2004). Countries, where this corporation is planting the business operations, are Greece, Singapore, Germany, and Iran. Diverse employees will be hired from these countries to work as a global team. It would be imperative

Vital Pieces of Sbl Essay Samples

Vital Pieces of Sbl Essay Samples What You Can Do About Sbl Essay Samples Beginning in the Next 7 Minutes It isn't as demanding as other kinds of academic papers, but nevertheless, it can provide you an overall insight on writing providing you with the fundamental skills of information gathering, creating an outline, and editing. Before you turn in your assignment, you will want to check over it one final moment. If you are able to use the provided information in a sensible way, you are going to be in a position to create your efficient study program. Deciding upon a topic selecting a topic for a dissertation proved to be a true challenge and, for me, began with the collection of a proper graduate school and advisor. It may be used to examine the comprehension and application across the majority of the corporate training requirements. 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The Nature of Love free essay sample

What does such a statement imply about the nature of love? Write an essay which argues your particular view on the nature of love and the object of that love. Limit your answer to the notion of romantic love and use Robert Ehman as a starting point. Everybody seems to believe that love is a good thing. However, not all agree on what love is. Is love that warm fuzzy feeling a person has when they are with a familiar person? According to the Bible, love is caring in action. Love is not what we feel, but what we do; however the object of love is not defined. (Bible Gateway, 2012) In this discussion I will describe what the nature of love is based on the idea of love as a verb, as something one does and how the object of that love is affected by nature. I believe love is an event that happens to us, that is out of our control and not an action. As Robert Ehman (1989) suggests to experience true love, it is the qualities of a person and not the person themselves that leads you to feel and act upon your love. Not everyone will experience being in love. The idea that nature affects how one defines love shows how in different cultures love has become socialised and what is normal when referring to love. As stated by Harlow, (1958) love responses begin to form extremely early on in the development of an infant between an infant and the mother. This reflects the idea that love is a verb to love being an emotion. Robert Ehman, (1989) argues the exclusivity of love is â€Å"a mere species of either ethical relationships sexual desire or the dialectical struggle to dominate the other. (p. 256) To expand further he suggests it is an event, where the event is the act of ‘doing. ’ To experience true love is about the personal connection between two individuals and how they are emotionally drawn to one another. The ‘dialectical struggle’ refers to the â€Å"truth of opinions† that become important as a person adapts to sharing their personal side with their lover. (Oxford dictionary, 2012) Ehman (1989) continues to state the aim of personal love is to show that powerful emotions of love itself are unique in an individual’s style of life. The feeling of the beloved can be different for different people but only true love exists when the connection is the same. The aim of true love is always to â€Å"share the private and intimate dimensions of both your lives. †(p. 256) The statement â€Å"Harry couldn’t help it, he was in love,† reflects the idea of Ehman’s belief that love is a verb, something we do. It suggests that it is something one does without any control. How does one ‘do love’ can be argued from many points of view. Sigmund Freud (2006) describes the basis of doing love is mostly driven by uncontrollable feelings of the â€Å"sexual attractiveness of the object. (p. 34) The object of Harry’s love is who he loves and an example of Harry ‘doing’ love could be sharing his personal side with who he loves as well as putting the relationship with who he loves above all other relationships in his life. This idea is described by Ehman is called true love. True love is when both lovers share a connection with each other where their personal sides are shared. For example both partners share their love for each other. If Harry loved a girl but she did not love him back from Ehman’s view this is not true love. It is merely Harry confusing his emotions of lust with emotions of love. Ehman, 1989) Love can be viewed as an emotion and according to Stendhal, Tennov and Proust, (1954) emotions of love can be generated by many other emotions and thoughts. For example what could have been done or what might have happened to cause this emotion and event of love. An emotion can be characterized by a number of things a person does or ways the react in situations that are immediately noticeable before any scientific analysis is carried out. (Elster, 1999) Not all emotions are necessary, good or bad. This draws upon the idea of why love itself is portrayed throughout general society as a good thing. Stendhal (1980) states â€Å"love withers away both when one is certain that it is reciprocated and when one is certain it is not. † (p. 23) This statement highlights the idea that love can also be a bad thing as if love ‘withers away’ it is uncontrolled and we can not stop it. If lust is confused as feelings of love in one individual this begins to draw upon the consequences where a lover may be hurt causing emotional pain. For this reason I agree with Ehman that love demands both individuals to experience the same levels of emotional connections to define ‘true love. Harry may drive way his lover through romantic acts of what he believes to show love (kissing etc) which may mean different things to his lover if she is not sharing the connection of true love with him. In relation to Ehman’s view of romantic love Hatfield and Rapson, (1987) also distinguished there are different types of love, known as romantic and affectionate love. Romantic love is passionate and involves strong feelings of longing, desire and excitement towards a special person. (Baumeister amp; Bushman, 2008) The emotional values of romantic love make people want to spend as much time together as possible. Romantic lovers tend to want to touch each other and engage in intimate activities such as sex to show how they do love. ‘Doing love’ from a passionate and romanticised angle could involve thoughts of not being able to control emotional feelings. For example always thinking about a lover is a common way of ‘doing love. ’ (Baumeister amp; Bushman, 2008) Affectionate love is known as companionate love and is less emotional. This is where both lovers have a mutual understanding and caring to make the relationship succeed and is often done when a lover perceives their lover as a soul mate. This kind of love is what makes people want to remain each other’s good companions. For example someone high in companion love is more likely to say â€Å"my wife is my best friend,† (Baumeister amp; Bushman, 2008 p. 306) which leads to the next idea where the notion of love and being in love have different meanings based on the expression of common phrases in society. Love can be viewed as an object that â€Å"arises from universal human emotions,† (Baumeister amp; Bushman, 2008 p. 204) that form naturally between two individuals. Throughout society many people argue that defining love itself is different to defining the state of being in love. According to Baumeister and Bushman (2008) it is possible to love many people but the notion of being ‘in love’ can mean something very different. Anthony Giddens and Simon Griffiths (2006) suggest this as they imply love is an experience and refer to falling in love as â€Å"something someone does without intent. † (p. 204) An individual may want to experience a deeper more meaningful love when they fall in love. Ehman (1989) also suggests this as he believes ‘love is not love’ unless both lovers’ share a personal connection equally. Love could simply be ‘done’ by having a family together and therefore this brings a common thing only lovers can share where a point in both individual sides of their personal sides are equal. This reinforces the belief of love as an event because something has happened and due to the emotion of lust leading to love it is out of ones control. For love to be considered ‘true love’ individuals must share their personal sides (Ehman, 1989) as this create the idea of unity in the relationship. Chaney, (2002) states â€Å"The personal identity of an individual is represented by a narrative unity. † By this Chaney is referring to the idea that in romanticised love, unity in the relationship is created from the deep bond of both lovers creating an emotional connection. (p. 4) The nature of love can be derived from this aspect of experiencing love as the result of an action, for example spending lots of time with someone. When referring to the notion of romantic love Ehman (1989) defines doing love as â€Å"sharing the personal side of the life of a friend. †(p. 61) When the ultimate motive in a relationship is sharing their personal sides of life and the relationship is considered most important â€Å"above all other relationships in an individuals’ life they have moved beyond friendship to genuine personal love. † (Ehman,1987 p. 261) The nature of an individual’s upbringing can also effect how one defines love. As stated by Harlow, (1958) love responses begin to form extremely early on in the development of an infant between an infant and the mother. â€Å"The human infant becomes a self, a being capable of speech and action, only by learning to interact in a human community longing for true love. (Sartre 1989 p. 348) This in an example of the idea that it is natural in every human being want to experience true love ultimately searching for it even though some may never find it. Society has socially constructed the idea of ‘doing love’ as the product of affection and an emotion. (Tennov, 1979) The display of affection from an individual to another has become attached to the societal definition of love throughout today’s culture. Commonly individuals (especially when one is male and the other female) who show affection by holding hands and being close to each other are perceived on first impression to love each other. This idea has been accepted throughout society as normal. It is seen as natural throughout everyday life and showing affection towards another can lead others to automatically associate with love. Cultural change challenges the true definition of love and is evident and very current in New Zealand today. Changing culture significantly challenges Ehman’s view of true love. Because true love is an event, it is true to say the event of getting married can also be a way of ‘doing love. The idea of doing love through marriage in New Zealand limits true love to only heterosexual relationships, as homosexual relationship may not legally be joined by marriage. Recently there is a debate to whether homosexual union is a from of doing love. Is ‘doing love’ by the event of civil union true love? Ehman would argue that it is the qualities of a person and not the person themselves that leads you to feel and act upon your love, therefore it is out of our control who we fa ll in love with, gender aside. Joining in civil union is still an event however there are many ways in which true love is signified through other events. Ehman does not state in his opinion that true love may only be between a man and a women, he merely defines it as sharing the connection of personal sides. Today’s culture is changing with the relaxation of moral controls that we as ordinary people and ordinary lovers have become freer in how we define love by events. (Chaney, 2002) In conclusion it is apparent that love cannot be defined by one definition. The Bible (2012) and Robert Ehman, (1989) both support the idea that love is not what we feel, but what we do. Love is ultimately defined by an event in life where both lovers share an emotional connection of their personal sides of life. The nature of an individual’s upbringing constructs the way we view true love as an emotion that is out of our control. It is an emotion that begins with lust that we cannot force or control. True love is the only kind of ‘real love’ as Ehman supports and is defined when both lovers share their personal sides and value their relationship above all other relationship in life. Not everyone will experience being in love, but love responses affect the nature of love as they begin to form extremely early on in the development of an infant between an infant and the mother. Ultimately the acceptance of what true love is in society can be argued from many angles but for me true love is revelled as the ultimate objective for individuals to fully fulfil their own lives.

Women in Literature an Example by

Women in Literature Some critics claim that early American literature focuses on men, overlooking or devaluating the role of women and womens perspective. The response to this claim will presuppose profound analysis of some literary work of that time period. We will thus concentrate on Hannah Fosters The Coquette, which has become one of the brightest representations of the then literature. Need essay sample on "Women in Literature" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Based upon the discussed reading, it is definitely impossible to state that literature of the analyzed period was devaluating women, though such claim has the objective right to exist among scholars. It would probably be more correct to assume that devaluation of women, which the authors of early American literature were depicting in their works, was caused by the real life conditions in which they lived. Thus, devaluating women was not the initial purpose of the early American writing; in pursuing realism and the truth, the writers were undeservingly labeled. However, this misinterpretation cannot be totally false. Through the prism of literary criticism, the character of the protagonist Eliza Wharton is certainly described in rather mournful colors. What is usual for us seems absolutely unacceptable in the world in which Eliza found herself. Thus, it would be more objective to analyze Fosters novel not from the viewpoint of devaluating women, but from the viewpoint of the then soci ety devaluating and not accepting their freedom, as was reflected in The Coquette. Reading The Coquette, we come to the question, whether Foster was depicting a true womanhood, and how a woman of her status could feel in the society and people by whom she was surrounded. It is difficult to deny that Eliza Wharton was initially overlooked as a personality by her companions, friends, and was truly judged for her actions and manners. Of course, what we see in Eliza does not surprise us, but her behavior could not be called traditional through the prism of the then manners. The true woman of that time had to possess several integral features, out of which virtue and domesticity were the most meaningful. Moreover, in case a woman did not possess those features, or was not willing to follow the principles of the society, she risk being abandoned, being stigmatized, and being called the enemy of all polite people. Through the entire reading of The Coquette I was accompanied by the thought that it would be improper to state, that Foster was devaluating women. I think that the author had devoted the whole story to the inner perplexities of the female character. The writer has exercised an extremely visible and wise tool for creating and objective (and simultaneously, subjective) picture of the reality. We see the development of Whartons affair with Major Stanford, and simultaneously we have an access to the inner world and inner conflicts of each of the characters in the novel. Devaluating women is more seen not in the way Foster depicted Eliza, but in the way Eliza would be treated in the society of her time. Simultaneously, Major Stanford is considered to be rejected by a virtuous society for having seduced women and being known for his bad reputation. It is even more surprising that Stanfords behavior is not equal to devaluating women; but the reaction of the society to Whartons behavior is. Objectively, Foster was focusing on how men perceived the reality, and how they perceived women around them. Through the correspondence between several men in the novel we are capable of making an insight into their souls. However, in the context of the reality which Foster described in her work, focusing on men was a literary necessity, and limiting my research by this work of writing is not sufficient to conclude that the claims of critics towards devaluating women in literature are at least relevant. Eliza in Fosters world has become the embodiment of violating the norms of the society in which she lived. She was the proof that the society was constantly devaluating women. She has become the bright revelation of the then female world. She has a difficult marriage, through which she did not experience any warm feelings to her ceased husband, but whom she had to marry upon her parents request. Mr. Haly was a man of worth, a man of real and substantial merit. He is therefore deeply, and justly regretted by his friends; he was chosen to be a future guardian, and companion for me, and was, therefore, beloved by mine. As their choice as a good man, and a faithful friend, I esteemed him. But no one acquainted with the disparity of our tempers and dispositions, our views and designs, can suppose my heart much engaged in the alliance. (Foster 807) Being similar to Major Stanford in her temptations, even he had to admit the conflict of her inner identity with the society: Her sagacious friends have undoubtedly given her a detail of my vices. If therefore, my past conduct has been repugnant to her notions of propriety, why does she act consistently, and refuse at once to associate with a man whose character she cannot esteem? (Foster 863). In her grief for losing husband, she was not looking for consolation, but was realizing the fact of her ultimately being free of those connections. Moreover, she was seeking consolation not among her friends, but in the fact of being free to choose; in this she was completely different from her female friends, and was constantly judged and warned against Major Stanford. Of course, she was seduced by him, and he never realized the seriousness of his claims on Eliza. She in her turn did not understand that she was misled, and had to abandon her traditional pathway of virtue (so valued in the then society) to be with that man. It was not that Foster was devaluing Eliza, but she was trying to remain within the limits of the traditional society; she could not allow herself openly declaring the fact of Eliza being correct in her moves. This is why the author had to use implicit tools and literary devices for us to understand the true meaning of her writing. The visible devaluation of Eliza was actually the expression of her strength against the widely accepted (and often absurd) norms. In one of her letters, Eliza was writing: Should it ever be my fate to wear the hymenical chain, may I be thus united! The purest and most ardent affection, the greatest consonance of taste and disposition, and the most congenial virtue and wishes distinguish this lovely couple (Foster 813). These were Elizas ideas about her happy union with some man. And while come critics might claim that the image of a woman in early American literature was at least neglected, it can be easily argued. What Foster was aiming was to display the societal constraints in which the woman of her time had to exist. For Eliza this hardly looked like existence, being similar to surviving. Her mind was disconcerted with the emotional agitations, and she could not find moral satisfaction in any of the two men with whom she communicated. it is understandable why Foster depicted both Boyer and Major Stanford in so many details: we needed to have a detailed understanding, why the woman could not have any affecti on towards any of them, especially of Boyer. Boyers character consisted of traditional virtues praised by society: he was striving for domestic and loving wife, who would not allow going out or having friendship with men. He could not also understand her patience and indecisiveness towards his personality. The meaning of the name The Coquette was brilliantly expressed in Elizas interactions with Boyer and Major Stanford. The name of the novel has become the sign of the false appearance we attribute to people whom we dont really know, or do not want to understand through the existing social norms. She was far from being a coquette; she was looking for the person who could comply with her social demands and who could not restrain her social strivings, but she found none, being dishonored and finally led to death. Devaluation of a woman was shown by Foster as punishable even within the described societal constraints. Both Boyer and Major Stanford were virtually punished for misunderstanding the true identity of Eliza Warton. Hannah Foster has created a perfect image of all three characters, letting us into the hidden world of concealed emotions and cherished emotions. Surely, she had displayed the situation of a woman when being dishonored and obviously devaluated by those who surrounded her, but the writer herself did not devaluate Eliza. On the contrary, she seemed to having achieved the aim of her writing: she was sincerely mourning the death of her protagonist. Foster succeeded in depicting the possible tragic consequences of the societal norms impact on peoples lives. No one could predict that Elizas striving to be social would lead her to being called the Coquette, but the society did not leave any other choice, and Eliza would have to live with that stigma. Moreover, Boyer did not also leave Eliza any options except for writing her a farewell letter and expressing his extreme dissatisfaction and anger with her behavior; however, and in the context of the contemporary society, we should think what right he had to intrude into Elizas life. Thus, the devaluation of the womens perspective is not viewed in the early American writing itself, but in the real situation of women in the then society, which the writers had to evaluate and judge. Conclusion Critics have the right to claim the position of a woman in the early American literature is devaluated. However, it was more real than neglected. The example of Fosters The Coquette we come to understanding the inner force of the woman in trying to break the societal norms and failing to do so. Hannah Foster has succeeded in creating an image of a woman new to her traditional society, being devaluated by it, but not by the realism of Fosters writing. Works Cited Foster, H. W. The Coquette: or, the History of Eliza Wharton. In Baym, N. (eds.), The Norton Anthology of American Literature, 7th edition. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, pp. 807-904.