Global Leadership And Organizational Behavior...

Case study Ch 4: Tell the Kid?s We?re Moving to Kenya Student?s name: Date of submission: GLOBE stands for Global Leadership and organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research project a group of international social scientists and management scholars that study cross-cultural leadership. They have outlined six dimensions won which global leaders should have in their behaviors that acted as bases for leadership comparison. The units for measurement are performance orientation, assertiveness, future orientation, human orientation, collectivism, gender egalitarianism, power and uncertainty. The dimensions for global leadership are charismatic, team-oriented, self-protective, participative, human orientation in this case the leader is modest, compassionate towards others, and finally able to perform without frequent consultation, autonomous. (House et al.) Geert Hofstede is a researcher researching on the global leadership he focuses on how culture affects values in a workplace. He defends that all behaviors are defined by culture. The culture of a place affects how an individual behaves. Hofstede cultural dimensions are power distance index it measures the power of members in an organization it shows how the society handles inequality. Individualism is how an individual is integrated in a group. Masculinity this evaluates the distribution of roles. Uncertainty avoidance tolerance to the society, long-term orientation shows the values of perseverance and finally theShow MoreRelatedHofstede And Globe ( Global Leadership And Organisation Behaviour Effectiveness1108 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract This report is comparison between Hofstede and GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organisation Behaviour Effectiveness) research on Culture and Leadership. Hofstede and GLOBE is similar, they both investigation the behaviour of organisations in different countries and across culture. But the way and research scope still quite different. In this report we will summarized and reviewed the theoretical dimension of various culture and leadership. Include the deficiencies in Hofstede’s work which the GLOBERead MoreContemporary Views Of Leadership And Leadership1513 Words   |  7 PagesViews of Leadership Leadership encompasses all areas of our lives. Everyone performs a leadership role in their household one way or the other. Parents perform leadership roles every day in their homes. In schools, leadership roles are being performed on a daily basis by students and teachers. In churches, there are pastors, deacons, elders, etc. perform leadership roles. At your jobs, leadership roles come into play each and every day. As you can see leadership is a veryRead MoreThe Stress Level Among Employees1035 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagers and team members disagree about perceptions of organizational support, stress level among employees increases. The employees are unsure about how to proceed with the task in hand, if they don’t know what management is expected of the task or what management see as the project output. This scenario combined with increased job demand causes employees to stress out more as there is no clear guidance on how proceed here. Organizational culture with less support and encouragement for innovationsRead MoreThe Effects Of Emotional Regulation On Leadership Abilities1574 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership is perhaps the most well studied aspect of this research proposal, but has only minimally been looked at in relation to emotions and stressful situations. Leadership is such a broad concept that any viewing of it from a particular perspective may yield new results. Understanding if leaders can benefit from emotion regulation training is important due to the many factors that can impact leadership abilities (Arnold et al., 2015; Foti Hauenstein, 2007). Openings and gaps in the literatureRead MoreStrategic Management : Strategic Managers939 Words   |  4 Pagesexecutives are responsible for developing strategies for the organizational structure as well as the facilities and tools required to support the mission and vision. Leaders must take into consider the degree to which the organization should operate virtually. Facilities and IT tools differ depending on the geographical location, culture, global partnerships, industry, and types of projects within an organization. Facility Design Research found that the most effective facility strategy is a hybridRead MoreOrganizational Development Of A Global Organization1188 Words   |  5 Pagesthe development of a global organization, I would discuss with the leader the data gathered by the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program (GLOBE) to understand how to effectively create an inclusive culture (House, Hanges, Javidan, Dorfman, Gupta, 2004). Countries, where this corporation is planting the business operations, are Greece, Singapore, Germany, and Iran. Diverse employees will be hired from these countries to work as a global team. It would be imperativeRead MoreA Leadership Profile of American Project Managers.4785 Words   |  20 PagesTitle: A leadership profile of American project managers. By: Zimmerer, Thomas W., Yasin, Mahmoud M., Project Management Journal, 87569728, Mar1998, Vol. 29, Issue 1 Abstract This paper reports the results of a survey of senior  project  managers. The results clearly and unequivocally identify positive success and negative  leadership  as the cause of  project  failure. The characteristics of  leadership  are further identified, as well as the  projectmanagement  tools  that are most useful and mostRead MoreAnalysis Of Geert Hofstede s Cultural Theory1644 Words   |  7 PagesCulture influences our expectations of what is appropriate or inappropriate and also learned and reflects the values of a society. It frames our experiences and provides us with patterns of behavior, thinking, feeling, and interacting. In summary, culture affects every prospect of daily life - how we think and feel, how we learn and teach, or what we consider to be beautiful or cross-grained. However, most people are unaware of their own culture until they experience another. In fact, we don t regularlyRead MoreAnalysis Of Geert Hofstede s Cultural Theory1644 W ords   |  7 PagesCulture influences our expectations of what is appropriate or inappropriate and also learned and reflects the values of a society. It frames our experiences and provides us with patterns of behavior, thinking, feeling, and interacting. In summary, culture affects every prospect of daily life - how we think and feel, how we learn and teach, or what we consider to be beautiful or cross-grained. However, most people are unaware of their own culture until they experience another. In fact, we don t regularlyRead MoreGlobal Leadership And Organizational Behavior Effectiveness1671 Words   |  7 PagesThe Project GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness). The GLOBE research followed in Hofstede s footsteps yet also searched for additional dimensions (Cater, Lang Szabo, 2013, p. 446) as depicted and defined on Table II. In light of the GLOBE findings, earlier conceptualisations of culture have been reconsidered with respect to the impact of c ulture on leadership (Dickson et al., 2012 as cited in Cater et al., 2013, p. 447). GLOBE researchers introduced twnety one first-orderr Global Leadership And Organizational Behavior... Over the last few decades, psychologists, and psychiatrists, in addition to researchers in other fields have been involved with several studies pertaining to the differences of cultures encountered in many countries. One of the most interesting researches was by Geet Hofstede who began his studies in the 1965 (Jan, n.d). He published his first book on his findings in the 1980s. It included four cultural dimensions: individualism-collectivism; uncertainty avoidance; power distance (strength of social hierarchy) and masculinity-femininity (Jan, n.d). He added a fifth dimension, the long-term versus short term orientation later on, and in 2010 he added a sixth dimension, the indulgence versus self-restraint (Jan, n.d). In 1993, Dr. Robert J. House at the University of Pennsylvania started a huge research called the GLOBE project which stands for: Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research (Wikipedia, Global leadership, n.d.). The GLOBE project studied the findi ngs of Hofstede and expanded its investigation to cover 62 countries, 170 co-country investigators and over 17000 managers worldwide (Wikipedia, Global leadership, n.d.). The GLOBE project includes 9 cultural dimensions also called cultural competencies which are: Performance Orientation Uncertainty Avoidance Humane Orientation Institutional Collectivism In-Group Collectivism Assertiveness Gender Egalitarianism Future Orientation Power Distance In the textbook, McLean lists 9 divergentShow MoreRelatedGlobal Leadership And Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Project1204 Words   |  5 PagesTell the Kid?s We?re Moving to Kenya Student?s name: Date of submission: GLOBE stands for Global Leadership and organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research project a group of international social scientists and management scholars that study cross-cultural leadership. They have outlined six dimensions won which global leaders should have in their behaviors that acted as bases for leadership comparison. The units for measurement are performance orientation, assertiveness, future orientationRead MoreEssay on Applied Business Research Case Study935 Words   |  4 Pagesever-changing global market. After years of unscrupulous corporate leaders managing and leading some of the world’s biggest corporations to failure, researchers and business leaders realize the need for ethical and sound leadership. The need for ethical and sound leadership helps to facilitate and manage daily operations and to sustain their competitive advantage within the global economy. However, with this evolution, numerous research studies add to the understanding of leadersh ip theories andRead MoreHofstede And Globe ( Global Leadership And Organisation Behaviour Effectiveness1108 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract This report is comparison between Hofstede and GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organisation Behaviour Effectiveness) research on Culture and Leadership. Hofstede and GLOBE is similar, they both investigation the behaviour of organisations in different countries and across culture. But the way and research scope still quite different. In this report we will summarized and reviewed the theoretical dimension of various culture and leadership. Include the deficiencies in Hofstede’s work which the GLOBERead MoreAnalysis Of Organizational Management During The United States Military1545 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Organizational Management in the United States Military Throughout history, the theory of what constitutes effective management practice has evolved with the changes and advances in technology and society. However, there are basic principles of each theory that have either influenced contemporary theory or are overtly used in today’s organizations. For example, the United States military overall ascribes to a classical organizational theory of management with an emphasis on transactionalRead MoreThe Role Of Organizational Behavior By Embracing Performance Management Research Essay759 Words   |  4 Pagesvalues’, Academy of Management Journal, 42(5), pp.507-525. Aguinis, H., C. Pierce, (2008) ‘Enhancing the Relevance of Organizational Behavior by Embracing Performance Management Research’, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29 (1) pp.139-145 Atrill, P., E. McLaney, (2011) Accounting and Finance for Non-Specialists, 7th Edition, Harlow: FT/Prentice Hall Barney, J. (1986) ‘Organizational Culture: Can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage’? Academy of Management 11(3), pp. 656-665. BarneyRead MoreThe Effects of Cultural Intelligence on Leadership Effectiveness in Multinational Organizations1354 Words   |  5 PagesA Study on Cultural intelligence and its effect on leadership effectiveness and behavior in multinational organizations in Asia Introduction The success of corporate sector is the critical element for the sustained growth and prosperous economy of any nation. In today’s tough competitive market environment, organizations strive to differentiate themselves from the rest by offering the most innovative product and services to the consumers. Organizations that offer solutions beyond the current needsRead MoreEssay On Leadership Development From A Global Perspective1022 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership Development from a Global Perspective In our modern world, business conduct operations in a global environment; unfortunately, however, far too many business leaders are currently out of touch with the personnel they are called upon to lead. Businesses must not only respect their localities and leading marketplaces, but they must also bear in mind the entire globe. Furthermore, more and more business leaders are beginning to manage international companies that operate in different partsRead MoreHow Personality Traits and Leadership Styles Influence Organizational Leadership1288 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction of findings Researchers correlate effective organizational leadership with certain characteristics. McHugh (2009) stated that â€Å"there may be no other feature of American life that contains as much bias toward extroversion as leadership.† This means that debate still exists whether or not introverts may be effective as leaders compared to extroverts. Some researches would argue that introverts are more reserved and prefer to work alone without the aid of anyone else. Introverts areRead MoreThe Building Blocks Of Society Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesroles and religion that is acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. Culture is the totality of a person’s learned and accumulated experience which is socially transmitted, or in other words, behavior that is acquired through social learning. A culture is a way of life for a group of people, passed along by communication from one generation to the next. Finally culture can be defined as the collective programming that distinguishes the membersRead MoreOrganizational Development Of A Global Organization1188 Words   |  5 Pagesthe development of a global organization, I would discuss with the leader the data gathered by the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program (GLOBE) to understand how to effectively create an inclusive culture (House, Hanges, Javidan, Dorfman, Gupta, 2004). Countries, where this corporation is planting the business operations, are Greece, Singapore, Germany, and Iran. Diverse employees will be hired from these countries to work as a global team. It would be imperative

Vital Pieces of Sbl Essay Samples

Vital Pieces of Sbl Essay Samples What You Can Do About Sbl Essay Samples Beginning in the Next 7 Minutes It isn't as demanding as other kinds of academic papers, but nevertheless, it can provide you an overall insight on writing providing you with the fundamental skills of information gathering, creating an outline, and editing. Before you turn in your assignment, you will want to check over it one final moment. If you are able to use the provided information in a sensible way, you are going to be in a position to create your efficient study program. Deciding upon a topic selecting a topic for a dissertation proved to be a true challenge and, for me, began with the collection of a proper graduate school and advisor. It may be used to examine the comprehension and application across the majority of the corporate training requirements. Students should settle on which position they ought to take based upon the amount and caliber of the points they're ready to come up with to supp ort their position. These tests will construct your confidence and your time management abilities. Practice tests are the best method to receive ready. The One Thing to Do for Sbl Essay Samples First and foremost it's imperative to be sure you comprehend the essay question fully and your essay answers each part of the question adequately. You're going to need to choose a topic first, but your topic ought to be something that has two conflicting points or various conclusions. The previous sentence provides the solution to the essay question. A reply to this question should mention the youngster's strengths, their athletic and societal interests. The Tried and True Method for Sbl Essay Samples in Step by Step Detail It enables the readers to think critically about a particular issue, and to weigh the 2 sides regarding such matter. It shows you the principal points you will need to follow and take into consideration when writing your paper to be successful in it. In reality, y ou can make up any topic you want all on your own, as long because there is unlimited amount of those. As a consequence, you get a terrific deal of free time and completed homework. Up in Arms About Sbl Essay Samples? Writing documents is already part of the lives of individuals. While the focus is largely on your side, there's also a discussion about the opposing side which goes far beyond a single sentence or a paragraph. Let's say your topic is to explore an extracurricular activity that has played a massive effect on your life. If you're going to create any sort of written examples, you should assure people are well aware on where to use them, how to use them, and why it's crucial for them to refer to the example you've made. You may use the samples as a foundation for working out how to write in the appropriate style. Click the one which you like to see the most. Several patterns started to emerge, and I started to write out several arguments that brought all of the pi eces together. When you haven't any yet, then it is going to be better for you to hunt for any examples and samples of works to comprehend the method by which the work ought to be completed and formatted. When you are requested to compose an essay, attempt to locate some samples (models) of similar writing and learn how to observe the craft of the writer. Make certain to read your essay and make certain it is logical. If you're to really gain from model essays, you want to understand how to read the techniques of the writer'. Of all Of the varieties of essay, writing a brief essay may appear to be the easiest. High school essay examples incorporate a selection of short essays like narrative, persuasive and analytical. High school students need to compose essays on a selection of topics which at first may appear to have nothing in common. Writing a high school essay if you've got the tips about how to do essay effectively. High school essays are structured very similarly whatever the topic and very good essay structure will allow you to compose an obvious essay that flows from 1 paragraph to the next. Get the Scoop on Sbl Essay Samples Before You're Too Late Citations and extracts from assorted sources have to be formatted properly. This distinguishing characteristic of this essay demands the writer to deliver his points in a concise method. Reviewing some narrative essay examples will be able to help you to organize your information and help you decide how to compose each paragraph to acquire the best outcomes. Among the examples of documents that are required to be keenly written is a report. Then you may make a checklist for each paragraph. If one paragraph appears to be weak, then the general level of your essay will be lacking. The upcoming few paragraphs will constitute most of your essay. Your introductory paragraph needs to be clear and concise just enjoy the example. Sbl Essay Samples Secrets That No One Else Knows About EssayEdge is the top application essay editing service on earth. Moreover, our English-speaking writers make sure every order has original content and a suitable structure. A few of these info can be too confidential for different individuals to read. Look through the list of topics with care and get started making a mental collection of the evidence it is possible to use on topics you want. The Meaning of Sbl Essay Samples You don't need to return to school to prepare for the GED test. Many people think that high school entrance essays are rather simpler to write than college entrance essays, that's the reason there are fewer places where you are able to get assistance with higher school entrance essays. Many students seek scholarship so the financial characteristics of studying would be less of a burden in their opinion. Fully being a happy high school student wouldn't be possible without my loved ones. The Pain of Sbl Essay Samples In conclusion, it appears that assignment essays continue to get a prominent part in tertiary education as an assessment tool. Employing reliable sources for research is essential. Today, there are lots of on-line websites that provide sample papers. When it has to do with the true research, there isn't any substitute for thorough principal text study.

The Nature of Love free essay sample

What does such a statement imply about the nature of love? Write an essay which argues your particular view on the nature of love and the object of that love. Limit your answer to the notion of romantic love and use Robert Ehman as a starting point. Everybody seems to believe that love is a good thing. However, not all agree on what love is. Is love that warm fuzzy feeling a person has when they are with a familiar person? According to the Bible, love is caring in action. Love is not what we feel, but what we do; however the object of love is not defined. (Bible Gateway, 2012) In this discussion I will describe what the nature of love is based on the idea of love as a verb, as something one does and how the object of that love is affected by nature. I believe love is an event that happens to us, that is out of our control and not an action. As Robert Ehman (1989) suggests to experience true love, it is the qualities of a person and not the person themselves that leads you to feel and act upon your love. Not everyone will experience being in love. The idea that nature affects how one defines love shows how in different cultures love has become socialised and what is normal when referring to love. As stated by Harlow, (1958) love responses begin to form extremely early on in the development of an infant between an infant and the mother. This reflects the idea that love is a verb to love being an emotion. Robert Ehman, (1989) argues the exclusivity of love is â€Å"a mere species of either ethical relationships sexual desire or the dialectical struggle to dominate the other. (p. 256) To expand further he suggests it is an event, where the event is the act of ‘doing. ’ To experience true love is about the personal connection between two individuals and how they are emotionally drawn to one another. The ‘dialectical struggle’ refers to the â€Å"truth of opinions† that become important as a person adapts to sharing their personal side with their lover. (Oxford dictionary, 2012) Ehman (1989) continues to state the aim of personal love is to show that powerful emotions of love itself are unique in an individual’s style of life. The feeling of the beloved can be different for different people but only true love exists when the connection is the same. The aim of true love is always to â€Å"share the private and intimate dimensions of both your lives. †(p. 256) The statement â€Å"Harry couldn’t help it, he was in love,† reflects the idea of Ehman’s belief that love is a verb, something we do. It suggests that it is something one does without any control. How does one ‘do love’ can be argued from many points of view. Sigmund Freud (2006) describes the basis of doing love is mostly driven by uncontrollable feelings of the â€Å"sexual attractiveness of the object. (p. 34) The object of Harry’s love is who he loves and an example of Harry ‘doing’ love could be sharing his personal side with who he loves as well as putting the relationship with who he loves above all other relationships in his life. This idea is described by Ehman is called true love. True love is when both lovers share a connection with each other where their personal sides are shared. For example both partners share their love for each other. If Harry loved a girl but she did not love him back from Ehman’s view this is not true love. It is merely Harry confusing his emotions of lust with emotions of love. Ehman, 1989) Love can be viewed as an emotion and according to Stendhal, Tennov and Proust, (1954) emotions of love can be generated by many other emotions and thoughts. For example what could have been done or what might have happened to cause this emotion and event of love. An emotion can be characterized by a number of things a person does or ways the react in situations that are immediately noticeable before any scientific analysis is carried out. (Elster, 1999) Not all emotions are necessary, good or bad. This draws upon the idea of why love itself is portrayed throughout general society as a good thing. Stendhal (1980) states â€Å"love withers away both when one is certain that it is reciprocated and when one is certain it is not. † (p. 23) This statement highlights the idea that love can also be a bad thing as if love ‘withers away’ it is uncontrolled and we can not stop it. If lust is confused as feelings of love in one individual this begins to draw upon the consequences where a lover may be hurt causing emotional pain. For this reason I agree with Ehman that love demands both individuals to experience the same levels of emotional connections to define ‘true love. Harry may drive way his lover through romantic acts of what he believes to show love (kissing etc) which may mean different things to his lover if she is not sharing the connection of true love with him. In relation to Ehman’s view of romantic love Hatfield and Rapson, (1987) also distinguished there are different types of love, known as romantic and affectionate love. Romantic love is passionate and involves strong feelings of longing, desire and excitement towards a special person. (Baumeister amp; Bushman, 2008) The emotional values of romantic love make people want to spend as much time together as possible. Romantic lovers tend to want to touch each other and engage in intimate activities such as sex to show how they do love. ‘Doing love’ from a passionate and romanticised angle could involve thoughts of not being able to control emotional feelings. For example always thinking about a lover is a common way of ‘doing love. ’ (Baumeister amp; Bushman, 2008) Affectionate love is known as companionate love and is less emotional. This is where both lovers have a mutual understanding and caring to make the relationship succeed and is often done when a lover perceives their lover as a soul mate. This kind of love is what makes people want to remain each other’s good companions. For example someone high in companion love is more likely to say â€Å"my wife is my best friend,† (Baumeister amp; Bushman, 2008 p. 306) which leads to the next idea where the notion of love and being in love have different meanings based on the expression of common phrases in society. Love can be viewed as an object that â€Å"arises from universal human emotions,† (Baumeister amp; Bushman, 2008 p. 204) that form naturally between two individuals. Throughout society many people argue that defining love itself is different to defining the state of being in love. According to Baumeister and Bushman (2008) it is possible to love many people but the notion of being ‘in love’ can mean something very different. Anthony Giddens and Simon Griffiths (2006) suggest this as they imply love is an experience and refer to falling in love as â€Å"something someone does without intent. † (p. 204) An individual may want to experience a deeper more meaningful love when they fall in love. Ehman (1989) also suggests this as he believes ‘love is not love’ unless both lovers’ share a personal connection equally. Love could simply be ‘done’ by having a family together and therefore this brings a common thing only lovers can share where a point in both individual sides of their personal sides are equal. This reinforces the belief of love as an event because something has happened and due to the emotion of lust leading to love it is out of ones control. For love to be considered ‘true love’ individuals must share their personal sides (Ehman, 1989) as this create the idea of unity in the relationship. Chaney, (2002) states â€Å"The personal identity of an individual is represented by a narrative unity. † By this Chaney is referring to the idea that in romanticised love, unity in the relationship is created from the deep bond of both lovers creating an emotional connection. (p. 4) The nature of love can be derived from this aspect of experiencing love as the result of an action, for example spending lots of time with someone. When referring to the notion of romantic love Ehman (1989) defines doing love as â€Å"sharing the personal side of the life of a friend. †(p. 61) When the ultimate motive in a relationship is sharing their personal sides of life and the relationship is considered most important â€Å"above all other relationships in an individuals’ life they have moved beyond friendship to genuine personal love. † (Ehman,1987 p. 261) The nature of an individual’s upbringing can also effect how one defines love. As stated by Harlow, (1958) love responses begin to form extremely early on in the development of an infant between an infant and the mother. â€Å"The human infant becomes a self, a being capable of speech and action, only by learning to interact in a human community longing for true love. (Sartre 1989 p. 348) This in an example of the idea that it is natural in every human being want to experience true love ultimately searching for it even though some may never find it. Society has socially constructed the idea of ‘doing love’ as the product of affection and an emotion. (Tennov, 1979) The display of affection from an individual to another has become attached to the societal definition of love throughout today’s culture. Commonly individuals (especially when one is male and the other female) who show affection by holding hands and being close to each other are perceived on first impression to love each other. This idea has been accepted throughout society as normal. It is seen as natural throughout everyday life and showing affection towards another can lead others to automatically associate with love. Cultural change challenges the true definition of love and is evident and very current in New Zealand today. Changing culture significantly challenges Ehman’s view of true love. Because true love is an event, it is true to say the event of getting married can also be a way of ‘doing love. The idea of doing love through marriage in New Zealand limits true love to only heterosexual relationships, as homosexual relationship may not legally be joined by marriage. Recently there is a debate to whether homosexual union is a from of doing love. Is ‘doing love’ by the event of civil union true love? Ehman would argue that it is the qualities of a person and not the person themselves that leads you to feel and act upon your love, therefore it is out of our control who we fa ll in love with, gender aside. Joining in civil union is still an event however there are many ways in which true love is signified through other events. Ehman does not state in his opinion that true love may only be between a man and a women, he merely defines it as sharing the connection of personal sides. Today’s culture is changing with the relaxation of moral controls that we as ordinary people and ordinary lovers have become freer in how we define love by events. (Chaney, 2002) In conclusion it is apparent that love cannot be defined by one definition. The Bible (2012) and Robert Ehman, (1989) both support the idea that love is not what we feel, but what we do. Love is ultimately defined by an event in life where both lovers share an emotional connection of their personal sides of life. The nature of an individual’s upbringing constructs the way we view true love as an emotion that is out of our control. It is an emotion that begins with lust that we cannot force or control. True love is the only kind of ‘real love’ as Ehman supports and is defined when both lovers share their personal sides and value their relationship above all other relationship in life. Not everyone will experience being in love, but love responses affect the nature of love as they begin to form extremely early on in the development of an infant between an infant and the mother. Ultimately the acceptance of what true love is in society can be argued from many angles but for me true love is revelled as the ultimate objective for individuals to fully fulfil their own lives.

Women in Literature an Example by

Women in Literature Some critics claim that early American literature focuses on men, overlooking or devaluating the role of women and womens perspective. The response to this claim will presuppose profound analysis of some literary work of that time period. We will thus concentrate on Hannah Fosters The Coquette, which has become one of the brightest representations of the then literature. Need essay sample on "Women in Literature" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Based upon the discussed reading, it is definitely impossible to state that literature of the analyzed period was devaluating women, though such claim has the objective right to exist among scholars. It would probably be more correct to assume that devaluation of women, which the authors of early American literature were depicting in their works, was caused by the real life conditions in which they lived. Thus, devaluating women was not the initial purpose of the early American writing; in pursuing realism and the truth, the writers were undeservingly labeled. However, this misinterpretation cannot be totally false. Through the prism of literary criticism, the character of the protagonist Eliza Wharton is certainly described in rather mournful colors. What is usual for us seems absolutely unacceptable in the world in which Eliza found herself. Thus, it would be more objective to analyze Fosters novel not from the viewpoint of devaluating women, but from the viewpoint of the then soci ety devaluating and not accepting their freedom, as was reflected in The Coquette. Reading The Coquette, we come to the question, whether Foster was depicting a true womanhood, and how a woman of her status could feel in the society and people by whom she was surrounded. It is difficult to deny that Eliza Wharton was initially overlooked as a personality by her companions, friends, and was truly judged for her actions and manners. Of course, what we see in Eliza does not surprise us, but her behavior could not be called traditional through the prism of the then manners. The true woman of that time had to possess several integral features, out of which virtue and domesticity were the most meaningful. Moreover, in case a woman did not possess those features, or was not willing to follow the principles of the society, she risk being abandoned, being stigmatized, and being called the enemy of all polite people. Through the entire reading of The Coquette I was accompanied by the thought that it would be improper to state, that Foster was devaluating women. I think that the author had devoted the whole story to the inner perplexities of the female character. The writer has exercised an extremely visible and wise tool for creating and objective (and simultaneously, subjective) picture of the reality. We see the development of Whartons affair with Major Stanford, and simultaneously we have an access to the inner world and inner conflicts of each of the characters in the novel. Devaluating women is more seen not in the way Foster depicted Eliza, but in the way Eliza would be treated in the society of her time. Simultaneously, Major Stanford is considered to be rejected by a virtuous society for having seduced women and being known for his bad reputation. It is even more surprising that Stanfords behavior is not equal to devaluating women; but the reaction of the society to Whartons behavior is. Objectively, Foster was focusing on how men perceived the reality, and how they perceived women around them. Through the correspondence between several men in the novel we are capable of making an insight into their souls. However, in the context of the reality which Foster described in her work, focusing on men was a literary necessity, and limiting my research by this work of writing is not sufficient to conclude that the claims of critics towards devaluating women in literature are at least relevant. Eliza in Fosters world has become the embodiment of violating the norms of the society in which she lived. She was the proof that the society was constantly devaluating women. She has become the bright revelation of the then female world. She has a difficult marriage, through which she did not experience any warm feelings to her ceased husband, but whom she had to marry upon her parents request. Mr. Haly was a man of worth, a man of real and substantial merit. He is therefore deeply, and justly regretted by his friends; he was chosen to be a future guardian, and companion for me, and was, therefore, beloved by mine. As their choice as a good man, and a faithful friend, I esteemed him. But no one acquainted with the disparity of our tempers and dispositions, our views and designs, can suppose my heart much engaged in the alliance. (Foster 807) Being similar to Major Stanford in her temptations, even he had to admit the conflict of her inner identity with the society: Her sagacious friends have undoubtedly given her a detail of my vices. If therefore, my past conduct has been repugnant to her notions of propriety, why does she act consistently, and refuse at once to associate with a man whose character she cannot esteem? (Foster 863). In her grief for losing husband, she was not looking for consolation, but was realizing the fact of her ultimately being free of those connections. Moreover, she was seeking consolation not among her friends, but in the fact of being free to choose; in this she was completely different from her female friends, and was constantly judged and warned against Major Stanford. Of course, she was seduced by him, and he never realized the seriousness of his claims on Eliza. She in her turn did not understand that she was misled, and had to abandon her traditional pathway of virtue (so valued in the then society) to be with that man. It was not that Foster was devaluing Eliza, but she was trying to remain within the limits of the traditional society; she could not allow herself openly declaring the fact of Eliza being correct in her moves. This is why the author had to use implicit tools and literary devices for us to understand the true meaning of her writing. The visible devaluation of Eliza was actually the expression of her strength against the widely accepted (and often absurd) norms. In one of her letters, Eliza was writing: Should it ever be my fate to wear the hymenical chain, may I be thus united! The purest and most ardent affection, the greatest consonance of taste and disposition, and the most congenial virtue and wishes distinguish this lovely couple (Foster 813). These were Elizas ideas about her happy union with some man. And while come critics might claim that the image of a woman in early American literature was at least neglected, it can be easily argued. What Foster was aiming was to display the societal constraints in which the woman of her time had to exist. For Eliza this hardly looked like existence, being similar to surviving. Her mind was disconcerted with the emotional agitations, and she could not find moral satisfaction in any of the two men with whom she communicated. it is understandable why Foster depicted both Boyer and Major Stanford in so many details: we needed to have a detailed understanding, why the woman could not have any affecti on towards any of them, especially of Boyer. Boyers character consisted of traditional virtues praised by society: he was striving for domestic and loving wife, who would not allow going out or having friendship with men. He could not also understand her patience and indecisiveness towards his personality. The meaning of the name The Coquette was brilliantly expressed in Elizas interactions with Boyer and Major Stanford. The name of the novel has become the sign of the false appearance we attribute to people whom we dont really know, or do not want to understand through the existing social norms. She was far from being a coquette; she was looking for the person who could comply with her social demands and who could not restrain her social strivings, but she found none, being dishonored and finally led to death. Devaluation of a woman was shown by Foster as punishable even within the described societal constraints. Both Boyer and Major Stanford were virtually punished for misunderstanding the true identity of Eliza Warton. Hannah Foster has created a perfect image of all three characters, letting us into the hidden world of concealed emotions and cherished emotions. Surely, she had displayed the situation of a woman when being dishonored and obviously devaluated by those who surrounded her, but the writer herself did not devaluate Eliza. On the contrary, she seemed to having achieved the aim of her writing: she was sincerely mourning the death of her protagonist. Foster succeeded in depicting the possible tragic consequences of the societal norms impact on peoples lives. No one could predict that Elizas striving to be social would lead her to being called the Coquette, but the society did not leave any other choice, and Eliza would have to live with that stigma. Moreover, Boyer did not also leave Eliza any options except for writing her a farewell letter and expressing his extreme dissatisfaction and anger with her behavior; however, and in the context of the contemporary society, we should think what right he had to intrude into Elizas life. Thus, the devaluation of the womens perspective is not viewed in the early American writing itself, but in the real situation of women in the then society, which the writers had to evaluate and judge. Conclusion Critics have the right to claim the position of a woman in the early American literature is devaluated. However, it was more real than neglected. The example of Fosters The Coquette we come to understanding the inner force of the woman in trying to break the societal norms and failing to do so. Hannah Foster has succeeded in creating an image of a woman new to her traditional society, being devaluated by it, but not by the realism of Fosters writing. Works Cited Foster, H. W. The Coquette: or, the History of Eliza Wharton. In Baym, N. (eds.), The Norton Anthology of American Literature, 7th edition. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, pp. 807-904.

Watercress

Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) is one of the oldest plants known to man.. A Greek proverb went eat cress and gain more wit because it was thought to be a brain stimulant. Watercress has been used not only to sharpen mental acuity, but as an antiscorbutic in ancient days. The Romans introduced it in Europe. It was much cultivated in the middle ages as the basic ingredient in a salve thought to be effective with sword wounds. Since the Roman times watercress has been recognized as an important salad plant. It was also eaten to prevent scurvy because it is rich in vitamin C and minerals. General Peter Muhlenberg recognized it growing wild in streams at Valley Forge in 1777 and recommended it for the army encamped there. It was a much sought after ingredient for salads in the early spring because its vitamin-rich leaves served as an antidote to winter diets lacking green vegetables. Strangely enough watercress has been considered an effective hair tonic when used externally and the juice from the crushed leaves were recommended for clearing blemishes and freckles. Watercress is a part of the mustard family, a common name for the large family of pungent-juiced herbs. The family contains about 390 genera and 3,000 species. It is cosmopolitan in distribution, with centers of diversity in the Mediterranean region and southwestern and Central Asia, where about two-thirds of the species occur. The mustard family contains a great variety of food plants, but they do not form important parts of staple diets. Best known are the salad and vegetable crops, such as cabbage, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, and broccoli. The family is also an important source of vegetable oils, ranking fifth in worldwide importance behind soybeans, cottonseed, peanuts, and sunflower. Most members of the mustard family are annual or perennial herbs. Watercress is a perennial with peppery flavor. ...

Black Women Who Have Run for U.S. President

Black Women Who Have Run for U.S. President Black women are among the Democratic Party’s most loyal supporters. As such, they have buoyed everyone from white men to a black man and, now, a white woman to the top of the ticket. Unlike Hillary Clinton, a black woman has yet to win the Democratic Party’s nomination for president. But that doesn’t mean several haven’t tried. Multiple black  women have run for president- be it as Democrats, Republicans, Communists, on the Green Party ticket or that of another party. Get to know the African American women who tried to make history before Clinton did with this roundup of black female presidential candidates. Charlene Mitchell Many Americans have the mistaken belief that Shirley Chisholm was the first black woman to run for president, but that distinction actually goes to Charlene Alexander Mitchell. Mitchell ran neither as a Democrat nor a Republican but as a Communist. Mitchell was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1930, but her family later moved to Chicago. They lived in the famous Cabrini Green projects, and Mitchell took an early interest in politics, acting as a youth organizer to protest racial segregation in the Windy City. She joined the Communist Party USA in 1946, when she was just 16. Twenty-two years later, Mitchell launched her unsuccessful presidential bid with running mate, Michael Zagarell, the National Youth Director of the Communist Party. Given that the pair were only put on the ballot in two states, winning the election wasn’t just a longshot but simply impossible. That year wouldn’t be Mitchells  last in politics. She ran as an Independent Progressive for U.S. Senator from New York  in 1988 but lost to Daniel Moynihan. Shirley Chisholm Shirley Chisholm is arguably the most famous black woman to run for president. That’s because, unlike most of the black women on this list, she actually ran as a Democrat rather than on a third party  ticket. Chisholm was born on Nov. 30, 1924, in Brooklyn, New York. However, she grew up partly in Barbados with her grandmother. The same year that Mitchell launched her failed presidential bid, 1968, Chisholm made history by becoming the first black congresswoman. The following year she co-founded the Congressional Black Caucus. In 1972, she unsuccessfully ran for U.S. president as a Democrat on a platform in which she prioritized education and employment issues. Her campaign slogan was unbought and unbossed. Although she didn’t win the nomination, Chisholm served seven terms in Congress. She died New Year’s Day 2005. She was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015. Barbara Jordan Okay, so Barbara Jordan never actually ran for president, but many wanted to see her on the 1976 ballot and voted for the groundbreaking politician. Jordan was born Feb. 21, 1936, in Texas, to a Baptist minister father and a domestic worker mother. In 1959, she earned a law degree from Boston University, one of two black women that year to do so. The following year she campaigned for John F. Kennedy to be president. By this time, she set her own sights on a career in politics. In 1966, she won a seat in the Texas House after losing two campaigns for the House earlier. Jordan wasn’t the first in her family to become a politician. Her great-grandfather, Edward Patton, also served in the Texas legislature. As a Democrat, Jordan ran a successful bid for Congress in 1972. She represented Houston’s 18th District. Jordan would play key roles in both the impeachment hearings for President Richard Nixon and in the 1976 Democratic National  Convention. The opening speech she gave at the former focused on the Constitution and is said to have played a key role in Nixon’s decision to resign. Her speech during the latter marked the first time a black woman gave the keynote address at the DNC. Although Jordan did not run for president, she earned a single delegate vote for president of the convention.    In 1994, Bill Clinton awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom. On Jan. 17, 1996, Jordan, who suffered from leukemia, diabetes and multiple sclerosis, died of pneumonia. Lenora Branch Fulani Lenora Branch Fulani was born April 25, 1950, in Pennsylvania. A psychologist, Fulani became involved in politics after studying the work of Fred Newman and Lois Holzman, founders of the New York Institute for Social Therapy and Research. When Newman launched the New Alliance Party, Fulani became involved, running unsuccessfully for Lt. Governor of New York in 1982 on the NAP ticket. Six years later, she ran for U.S. president on the ticket. She became the first black independent and first female presidential candidate to appear on the ballot in each U.S. state but still lost the race.   Undeterred, she ran unsuccessfully for New York governor in 1990. Two years after that, she launched a failed presidential bid as a New Alliance candidate. She has since continued to be politically active.    Carol Moseley Braun Carol Moseley Braun made history even before she ran for president. Born Aug. 16, 1947, in Chicago, to a police officer father and medical technician mother, Braun decided to pursue a career in law. She earned her law degree from the University of Chicago Law School in 1972. Six years later, she became a member of the Illinois House of Representatives. Braun won an historic election in Nov. 3, 1992, when she became the first black woman in the United States Senate after defeating GOP rival Richard Williamson. This made her only the second African American elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate. Edward Brooke was the first. Braun, however, lost her reelection race in 1998. Braun’s political career didn’t come to  a halt after her defeat. In  1999, she became the U.S. ambassador to New Zealand  in which she served until the end of President Bill Clinton’s term. In 2003, she announced her bid to run for  president on the Democratic ticket but dropped  out of the race in January 2004. She endorsed Howard Dean, who also lost his bid. Cynthia McKinney Cynthia McKinney was born March 17, 1955, in Atlanta. As a Democrat, she served a half-dozen terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. She made history in 1992 by becoming the first black woman to represent Georgia in the House. She continued to serve until 2002, when Denise Majette defeated her. However, in 2004, McKinney won a seat in the House once more when Majette ran for Senate. In 2006, she lost reelection. The year would also prove to be a difficult one, as McKinney faced controversy after reportedly slapping a Capitol Hill police officer who  asked her to present identification. McKinney ultimately left the Democratic Party and ran unsuccessfully for president on the Green Party ticket in 2008.    Wrapping Up Several other black women have run for president. They include Monica Moorehead, on the Workers World Party ticket; Peta Lindsay, on the Party for Socialism and Liberation ticket; Angel Joy Charvis; on the Republican ticket; Margaret Wright, on the People’s Party ticket; and Isabell Masters, on the Looking Back Party ticket.

Profitability Measures Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Profitability Measures - Case Study Example On the other hand, return on assets will show how efficiently and effectively the company’s assets have been used in increasing the company’s returns. From the analysis, it will therefore be feasible to rank the companies in terms of their performance. Q2. Return on equity is a better premise of evaluating the performance of firms than the return on sales. Shareholders who are the providers of capital will only get interested if they get value for their resources. Return on equity is therefore in line with the firm’s objective of wealth maximization. Return on sales shows the proportion of sales that constitutes the profits to the company. It can be subject to manipulation by the management and therefore not a reliable way of assessing management efficiency (Freberg & Boland, 2000). Managers can alter their revenue sources to include only profitable products and customers rather than all its activities. Margins also depend on the capital base. Q3. It is possible that firms, which are profitable, offer negative returns to their shareholders. To a nonprofessional this might look ridiculous though it is possible. Profitable firms may have high obligations on repaying their debts or the directors could enjoy high compensation at the expense of the shareholders. Moreover, the large profits could be retained hence making shareholders fail to feel the profitability of the company. All the criteria used in assessing company’s performance have limitations. The best way of ranking effectiveness should be based on the shareholders wealth

Biology of food4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biology of food4 - Essay Example The malting process entails a period of soaking in water for a certain period, allowing the opening of the husk, and releasing of the barley. The malting procedure stops at the point where the seeds begin to recruit enzymes that can break down the starch in the seeds. After draining the soaked seeds, the fermentation process follows, whereby yeast and lactobacilli utilize the sugars in the seed. The fermentation process runs for a period, until the beer is ready. If Mel had left the seeds to germinate fully, the germinating plant would have utilized the foods stored in the grain. Usually, seeds in the store have a reserve of nutrients in the cotyledon. Under the right conditions, germination of the seeds takes place, a process that compels the germinating seedling to use the nutrients (Pratap and Kumar37). During seed maturation, storage or starch in the cotyledon occurs. When seeds absorb water at the onset of germination, a new process of mobilizing the nutrients for use in growth occurs. The availability of certain enzymes breaks down the starch into simple sugars that the seed utilizes in respiration. The respiratory process yields energy and other waste products such as lactic acid. Moreover, synthesis of other essential nutrients such as proteins takes place in the seed. In the process of making wine, the fruit juice used provides the relevant sugars utilized by the microbes involved in the fermentation process. The wine making process is usually different from that of making beer. In making wines, grape juices serve as the source of both macronutrients and micronutrients required by the microbes, while beer making utilizes seeds. A cost/benefit analysis led to this difference. After it became evident that the seeds used in making beer were critical sources of food for animals, it proved rational for grapes serve as food for microbes in the wine making process, preserving the grains for animals (14). This is in conformity with the fact that animals are hi gher than the microbes. Plants usually produce toxins as an essential part of constitutive defense. Genetic mutation is responsible for the conversion of phenolic compounds and alkaloids to the toxins. Although plants produce toxins as a form of defense, they affect the plant’s reproductive system adversely, and the mutated genesare conferred to the next generation. It is likely that the mutated plants have a higher chance of survival because the toxins protect it from attack by herbivores and insects. Usually, plants exposed to attacks by herbivores, and insects causing detriment to the plant motivates the plant to alter its secondary metabolism and produce toxins. A classic example is the milkweed, which underwent mutation to produce cardenolides that serve as toxins to monarchs. Apricots are seeds and play a critical role because they germinate to yield new plants. Apricot seeds require both macro and micronutrients for use in the metabolic processes involved in germinatio n. From eating apricot seeds, humans obtain carbohydrates, amygdalin, protein, sugars and fats (36). Squash blossoms are flowers involved in the sexual reproduction of the plant. By eating these flowers, the body gains calcium, sodium, iron, vitamins, and carbohydrates. in order to play the role sexual reproduction, these flowers require a range of ten aromatic compounds. A slice of turkey denotes a piece of breast meat. It is an essential portion as it provides

Comparison-Theory of Evolution vs Creationism Theory Essay Example for Free

Comparison-Theory of Evolution vs Creationism Theory Essay In this essay I will compare the Theory of Creationism and the Theory of Evolution. While there are many that deeply believe in each of these theories, they present stark differences in thinking, and in individual beliefs. Let us begin by looking at Creationism. This particular theory has not a single shred of evidence to support it, yet vast populations are willing to die rather than denounce it. It has been referred to as â€Å"The Truth†. The basic belief of this theory is that â€Å"The Lord God†, or a â€Å"Supreme Being† created the universe and everything in it. It is believed that we as humans were made in the image of â€Å"God†. God created man, and called him â€Å"Adam†. Adam was lonely and The Lord then took a rib from Adam while he slept, and with it he created woman. God called her â€Å"Eve†. The creation of the universe and everything in it took six days. On the seventh day, God rested. In stark contrast to the Creationist Theory, we have what is called the Theory of Evolution. Charles Darwin is credited with first proposing this theory, which also includes something known as ‘natural selection†. First things first, let us examine evolution. Darwin believed that we as humans, as wells animals and even plants are constantly changing. His belief and that of many others is that with every generation slight modifications are inherent, thus producing better and better offspring. By this this he means better adapted to survive and flourish. If it could ever be demonstrated that any complex organ existed which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down. † (Charles Darwin). To summarize, the basis of theory here is the guiding force or â€Å"natural selection† preserves beneficial variations, therefore each generation exhibits new and more complex organisms. This applies to the tiniest bug or seedling, as well as all plants and animals including human beings. Scie nce however is yet to prove either theory. It must be said that the details of this process remain obscure and are not likely to be known in the near future. † (The RNA World, p72-73). It must be understood that science is based on two assumptions known as â€Å"axioms†. Axioms represent self-evident assumptions. Scientists would not be able to continue the study of science without the observable axiom. If this were the case doubt would inevitably be cast on all scientific theories. Whereby if scientists were not able to observe reality, or if they were to observe it inaccurately, the basis of all scientific theories would be thrown out. It is most fortunate for mankind that the majority of people see this axiom clearly, without the need for instruction or clarity. While keeping in mind the observable axiom we must examine the naturalistic axiom. The naturalistic axiom differs from the observable axiom because unlike the observable axiom, the naturalistic axiom can be tested. This means science can function perfectly without it being easily observed by 90% of the population. Still, the means by which life originated is not currently understood. Because of the complicated problems that arise when studying life’s origin the more we begin to understand it, the more lost we become in respect to it. It seems to elude scientists more and more with each successive study revealing more mysterious problems then the last. In regard to the origin of life, the naturalistic axiom only permits science to investigate theories that exclude things that cannot be tested and proven. That means the study of theories without proof, such as supreme beings will not be considered. This places scientists in a rather precarious position. Not only is the opportunity to study God-related ideas not permitted, but evolutional ideas have not been proven either. Since evolutionists are not willing to abandon the naturalistic axiom they are forced to make one final observation. They must assume that science will inevitably discover the origin of life in the future. Therefore nothing has been proven-only assumptions have been made. Many scientists however have already accepted that evolution can be proved, yet I have not seen evidence of either theory. It is because of the lack of evidence that I make an observation myself. In other words, I presume to know one thing: Our beliefs are of a personal nature. They are not to be criticized or debated. Not an ounce of proof is necessary. Neither is the application of any type of axiom. No matter if an individual chooses either of the theories discussed in this paper, or proposes a theory of their own, or decides that no theory is even adequate-whatever one believes can never be wrong. While many would like to impose their beliefs on others, it is not an acceptable practice on any level. To attempt to do so has far reaching consequences and many times results in catastrophic illness, heartbreak and death. I find it unconscionable, yet it is occurring in many parts of the world even as this essay is written. Decisions can only be made for oneself. If only every person everywhere would stop to consider this, it is this author’s opinion that the world would be a much happier place.

Language Games, Writing Games - Wittgenstein and Derrida: A Comparative Study :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Language Games, Writing Games - Wittgenstein and Derrida: A Comparative Study ABSTRACT: The concept of deconstruction was first used by Derrida in transforming Heideggerian "destruction." The deconstruction of Derrida is a textintern, intertextual, in-textual activity. He plays a double game inside of philosophy, emphasizing that our thinking is embedded in metaphysics, while at the same moment he questions metaphysics. Wittgenstein's deconstruction, however, involves a new kind of reading, a Zerzettelung of the traditionally argumentative and linear thinking modes. The game plays an important role in both philosophers' texts. I would like to investigate this role and function under the two following viewpoints. First, I think that the game has a strategic role. Second, both philosophers stress that their game is not a founded game but is bounded to knowledge and forms of knowledge. Wittgenstein and Derrida are two spurs, Ã ©perons of philosophical thinking, who changed the milieu of philosophical discourses. They practice new arts of thinking and writing, which lead to a change of paradigm and of style in philosophy. In the case of late Wittgenstein the change manifests in a critical attitude toward modern logical discourses. The annonced silence (Stille) of the Tractatus transfigures itself through textual dispersions into the styles (Stile) of the late Wittgenstein. By Derrida we can discover this paradigm change in his critique of philosophical "logo-phono-ethnocentrism" and even more in his way of writing, wich through its disseminating force overpasses the bar between philosophy and literature. Alluding to the historical perspectives of these relationships Rorty remarked (Rorty 1984, 5) that as Derrida treats the philosophy of Heidegger, in the similar way treated Heidegger the philosophy of Nietzsche. Derrida is in the same position to Heidegger and Heidegger to Nietzsche as Wittgenstein is to Russell and Russell to Mill. It would be interesting to analyze paralelly the Mill-Russell-Wittgenstein line to the Nietzsche-Heidegger-Derrida line or to investigate the Mill-Nietzsche, Russell-Heidegger and Wittgenstein-Derrida couples. I would like to focus in my paper on three aspects of the Wittgenstein-Derrida relationship: the philosophical attitudes, the writing and reading activity and the language games and writing games. 1. Philosophy as deconstructive activity The concept of deconstruction would be used the first time by Derrida, transforming Heideggerian "destruction", but we can suppose, that the activity meant by deconstruction would be "practiced" also by others, by earlier philosophers. Derrida himself notes that there are at least three proto-deconstructors - Nietzsche, Freud and Heidegger, but the deconstructive activity is as old as the philosophy.

Market environment Essay

Market environment is a marketing term, which refers to the factors and forces that affect a firm’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with the customers. In marketing terms there are two main environmental factors (i.e Macro environmental and Micro environmental) Macro environmental is national larger societal forces that affect the micro environment. Micro environment is mostly internal environment, which include small forces within the company that affects its ability to serve its customers. The internal (micro environment ) affects the organization directly. It refers to the environment that is most closely linked to the firm. Micro environmental factors of Coca Cola :Following are the main micro environment factors which are affecting Coca Cola: 1. The company itself (including departments). The first is the organization’s internal environment–its several departments and management levels–as it affects marketing management’s decision making. Chairman of Board & Chief Executive Officer Chief Marketing & Commercial Officer, Marketing Department, Finance Deptt, Packing Deptt, Sales Deptt Research & Develoment Deptt, Administrative Dept. These all top management and departments are involved in operations and decisions of the company. 2. Suppliers Suppliers always play an important role in a company’s operations. Suppliers provide resources and raw material which the company requires to produce the goods and Coke company suppliers in Pakistan vary with respect to the raw material they provide. There are different suppliers of coke in different areas of the country. 3. Marketing channel firms (intermediaries). marketing intermediaries (middlemen, physical distribution firms, marketing-service agencies, financial intermediaries). Marketing Intermediaries help the company to promote, sell and distribute its goods to the end users. 4. Customer. It consists of the five types of markets in which the organization can sell: the consumer, producer reseller, government, and international markets. Recent survey shows that coke is the only product in the world with which more than 85% of the population is well aware of. Value of customers for coke can be understood by these factors that coke spends lot of efforts on customer research. From kids to youngsters, from youngsters to elders and from elders to older, coke has always captured high customer attention from decades. We can divide coke customers in different categories. †¢Consumer Market: †¢Reseller Market †¢International Market 5. Competitors. consists of the competitors facing the organization. As we know there are two soft drink giants, Coca Cola and Pepsi .Competition between the two companies’ remains very close. Both the companies continue to make efforts to take lead in terms of price, packing, promotion. These companies try theier best to give more customer value and satisfaction than their competitors. Micro-environment(continued) Competitive rivalry There are currently three(3) major players in the cold drink industry. Coca cola Pepsi cola Cadbury Schweppes Coca cola has got dominant position. There are currently growing markets and niches that can be exploited so competition is not so keen. 6. Publics. The company’s marketing environment also includes various publics such as , Financial publics , Media publics , Government publics , Citizen action publics , Local publics , Internal publics and the general public. Amongst all the publics the most important is the general public , because they are the ones that but the product so the company needs to be concerned about their attitudes toward its products. Every country has different type of public which affect any business in the country most effective public for Coca-Cola is media public.

Mae West and How the Production Code Affected Her Career

â€Å"Virtue has its own reward, but has no sale at the box office†.   Those are the words of the famous movie actress named Mae West.   She was known for her sassy and sexy behavior on and off screen. Mary Jane West was born August 17, 1893 in Brooklyn, New York.   Her parents were involved in prize fighting and vaudeville.   Mae worked on the stage and was in vaudeville from the time when she was five years of age.   She was so into the entertainment world that she never really focused on education.  Ã‚   She studied dance as a child and when she was 14 years old, she was billed as â€Å"The Baby Vamp†. The year was 1926 and she was definitely shocking to most people during that time period.  Ã‚   Though the critics reportedly hated the show, the ticket sales were good.   The theater was raided and Ms. West was arrested along with the rest of the cast. While incarcerated on Roosevelt Island, she was allowed to wear her silk underwear instead of the scratchy prison issue.   The warden reportedly took her to dinner every night. She served eight days, with two days off for good behavior.   The media attention only managed to enhance her case. Her next play was racy in content as well.   It was entitled â€Å"The Drag† and was about homosexuality alluding to the work of Karl Heinrich Ulrichs.   It also was a box office success, but it had to be played in New Jersey because it had been banned from Broadway. Mae caught the attention of Hollywood and was given her first small movie role working with George Raft in â€Å"Night after Night†.   The film debuted in 1932 and even though her performance was a minor part in the movie, she was able to display enough of her quick wit that made her famous. At first she was unhappy with her small role in â€Å"Night After Night†, but was satisfied when she was allowed to rewrite her scenes.   In West’s first scene, a hatcheck girl exclaimed, â€Å"Goodness, what lovely diamonds†. Mae responded with her quick and racy wit by saying, â€Å"Goodness had nothing to do with it, dearie†. Upon her arrival in Hollywood, she moved into an apartment not far from the studio on Melrose.  Ã‚  Ã‚   She maintained a residence there at Ravenswood, even though she owned a beach house and a ranch in the San Fernando Valley. The public fell in love with the first woman to make racy comments on film.   She became a box office smash with the film breaking attendance records. Her second film was based on her earlier and popular play that was written by West entitled â€Å"She Done Him Wrong† starring Cary Grant.   The film was nominated for an Academy Award as Best Picture. Her third film, entitled â€Å"I’m No Angel† also displayed her quick racy wit and she was paired with Cary Grant once again.   It was a financial success.   This film, along with â€Å"She Done Him Wrong† were projects that saved Paramount from bankruptcy.   They were highly criticized by some because of the content and the guidelines found in the Motion Picture Production Code. The Production Code (also known as the Hays Code) was a set of guidelines that movies created between the years of 1930 and 1968 were governed by. The name â€Å"Hays Office† is definitely recognized as being synonymous with Hollywood’s self –censorship body even though its namesake ceased to be involved in the daily operations prior to the period of its most remembered conflicts with filmmakers.   Will H. Hays was the first president of MPPDA.   He was installed as the leader because studio heads were looking for a man with a background in the federal government to assure the nation that Hollywood films would not corrupt the country’s citizens. During the period that the Production Code existed, the enforcement was the responsibility of Jason Joy (1930-1932), James Wingate (1932-1934), Joseph Breen who was the chief censor for the longest period of time between the years of 1934 – 1954.  Ã‚   Geoffrey Shurlock then took his place from 1954-1968. Eric Johnston replaced Will Hays as head administrator in 1945 and remained in this office until his death in 1963.   Jack Valenti took his place in 1966. By then the organization had become the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA).   Each of these three men served more in the role of ambassador, lobbyist and   as salesmen for the movie industry and not so much as a â€Å"shaper of content†. The Production Code was developed because the owners of major Hollywood studios were attempting to avoid a national government-run censorship operation. They also wanted to assure the concerned civic leaders that Hollywood would deliver only wholesome movies eliminating the need for further editing that could possible be required by the state and local censorship boards.   These type boards sprang up during the decade preceding the Code. The Studio Relations Committee was organized by the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA) in 1930.   This committee was given the responsibility for the administration of industry self-censorship.  Ã‚   The Studio Relations Committee was reconstituted as the Production Code Administration in 1934.   It was more effective at this time. This organization felt â€Å"if motion pictures present stories that will affect lives for the better, they can become the most powerful force for the improvement of mankind†.  Ã‚   They recognized their responsibility to the public and because of this trust and also because in their views, entertainment and art were the most important influences in the life of a nation. During the rapid transition from silent to talking pictures they realized the necessity of creating some type of guidelines that should be in place.   Even though motion pictures were considered primarily as entertainment, they also felt that film could be directly responsible for spiritual or moral progress. As a result of these codes, May began to use double talk so that a person could take a word or phrase anyway they wished.   She also developed her works this way as a method to get her work past the censors; and it worked. She really felt she had a vested interest because it was her written work that was being scrutinized.   West had already written and performed these plays on stage and now they were being exposed to a whole new audience in film. Mae West was the largest box office draw in the United States at the time.   The frank sexuality and seamy settings of her films caught the attention of the moralists. On July 1, 1934, the censorship of the Production Code began to be seriously and meticulously enforced.  Ã‚   Mae’s scripts began to be heavily edited.   Her answer was to increase the number of double entendres in her films.   Her expectation was that the censors would delete the obvious lines and overlook the subtle ones. Her next film was â€Å"Belle of the Nineties† which was made in 1934 and it was another hit.  Ã‚   The movie was originally titled â€Å"It Ain’t No Sin†, but the title was changed due to the censor’s objection.   By 1936, after filming â€Å"Klondike Annie† and â€Å"Go West Young Man† she was, at that time, the highest paid woman in the United States. After the 1937 film, â€Å"Everyday’s a Holiday†, she didn’t make another film until she starred with W. C. Fields in another Mae West written movie entitled â€Å"My Little Chickadee† in 1940. It was a well-known fact that Ms. West had ill feelings toward Fields because his ways were too crude even for her.   She didn’t get along with Fields at all.   She would not tolerate his drinking and since they were both accustomed to working with supporting players and not co-stars conflict ensued. â€Å"My Little Chickadee† was a box office success and was more successful than all other W. C. Fields’ movies.   It is said that the only way Fields and West could be in the same scene together was to film them separately; and then splice the film together. Universal was so delighted with the success of the film and offered West two more movies to star with Fields.   She refused citing the difficulty of working with Fields. Her film â€Å"The Heat’s On† which was filmed in 1943, was her last film for a bit.   Mae decided to take a break from the movie industry because the censors were getting stricter.   It was harder to create her movies, even with the double talk to get past the stricter codes. It was general practice in films of the 1930’s and 1940’s to skirt the issue of sex and hide violence behind foreground or within shadows.   In addition, they never really treated serious subjects that were dealt with in the best-regarded novels of that era. In so many instances, the Production Code Administration had their way against the wishes of filmmakers.   They scuttled, weakened or diluted several scenes proposed by writers and directors of Hollywood film projects from 1934 to 1968. When the Code went into effect all movies from the major studios were required to show an approved MPPDA logo. There were three general principles: 1.No picture shall be produced that will lower the moral standards of those who see it.   Hence the sympathy of the audience should never be thrown to the side of crime, wrongdoing, evil or sin. 2.Correct standards of life, subject only to the requirements of drama and entertainment, shall be presented, and 3.Law, natural or human, shall not be ridiculed, nor shall sympathy be created for its violation. In addition there was another section that was entitled Crimes Against the Law.   There were several crimes listed that should never be presented in such a way as to throw sympathy with the crime as against law and justice, or to inspire others with a desire for imitation. Some of the crimes included Murder, Theft, Arson, and the use of firearms were to be restricted to the essentials. Also, methods of smuggling could not be presented and illegal drug traffic was never to be presented. The use of liquor in American life, when not required by the plot or should be shown in proper context, otherwise it could not be shown. Ms. West was known for her racy lines and sexy innuendo so there were a few portions mentioned throughout this code that Mae had to alter her movies for compliance.  Ã‚   There was a complete section of the code dedicated to sex. According to the code, the sanctity of the institution of marriage and home had to be upheld.   Pictures could not infer that low forms of sexual relationships are accepted or a common thing.  Ã‚   For example, the issue of adultery sometimes could be considered necessary to the plot, however it could not be explicitly treated, or justified, or presented in a positive light. The code even had guidelines of â€Å"Scenes of Passion†.  Ã‚   They could not be introduced if they weren’t essential to the plot.   In addition, excessive and lustful kissing, lustful embraces, suggestive postures and gestures could not be shown. In general passion had to be treated so that these scenes could not stimulate the lower and baser element.   Mae West oozed sensuality.   This category no doubt was stifling to many of Mae’s intentions on film. Even before she had matured, the slinky, then dark haired Mae was performing a lascivious â€Å"shimmy† dance in 1913 and was photographed for a song sheet for the song â€Å"Everybody Shimmies Now†. Her famous walk was said to have originated in her early years as a stage actress.   West had special eight-inch platforms attached to her shoes to increase her height and enhance her stage presence. Mae’s leave from film back to plays proved to be successful.   When censors began to let up, she returned to film work in 1970 in Myra Breckinridge.  Ã‚   She appeared in the role as Leticia Van Allen, which was a small role.   The film failed miserably at the box-office but still was a racy film due to the sex change theme. West regarded talking about sex as a basic human rights issue.   She was also an early advocate of gay and transgender rights.   She was reported as telling policemen who were raiding a gay bar, â€Å"Don’t you know you’re hitting a woman in a man’s body†. This was definitely a daring statement since she spoke it in a time period when homosexuality was not accepted. Her last film was in 1978 called Sextette which was a film that was based on the successful play West wrote back in 1926.   This film could have been a silent movie but instead fifty years later was developed.   Even in the late seventies, the times where not liberal enough to accept the original title, â€Å"Sex† as they called it Sextette instead. Allowances had to be made for a few things, such as her wig and slightly bizarre makeup and her slow movement from time to time but she obviously had taken care of herself and is able to show herself off in a series of beautiful gowns. The film is set up so she can consistently deliver the one-liners that made her famous. There was something different about Mae West, beginning with her appearance.   It set her apart from the other actresses of the day.   Mae has been described as a rather large billowing superblonde that talked through her nostrils.   In addition it has been said that she was a Gay Nineties gal that was plunked down in the Flapper Age. According to Simon Louvish, the author of her biography entitled â€Å"Mae West: It Ain’t No Sin†, it wasn’t the Production Code that affected her career but rather â€Å" her inability to relate to anyone in any intimately persuasive way – that so quickly destroyed her screen career†. The character that she created was completely of her on devise.   Somehow this Brooklyn born woman who was sketchily educated at best made herself into a playwright as she would scribble her one-liners and develop primitive narratives around them. The Code may have been able to tone down some of the personality of Mae West but she was a woman who would not be silenced.   Her somewhat mannish ways in her blunt innuendo that continually spoke of the unmentionable sexual needs of a female. Ms. West’s remarks were quick and veiled suggestion.   They were not dirty and often playfully remarked dripping with sensual undertones. Historians, however, suggest that her movie career declined so quickly because of the Production Code and their rather strict guidelines. Mae West is unique in the history of   â€Å"sex stars† in the movies because she was somehow able to play both the role of a sex goddess and simultaneously parody that same role.   In addition, she was one of the first women to consistently write the movies she starred in. In addition to her screen and stage career, Ms. West also could be heard on the radio.   On December 12, 1937, she appeared on two separate sketches on Edger Bergen’s radio show that shocked both the listening and NBC executives.   She appeared as herself, and was flirting heavily with Charlie McCarthy, Bergen’s dummy, speaking with her usual brand of sexy wit and risque sexual references. She appeared even more risque in a sketch earlier in the show that was written by Arch Oboler.   This sketch starred West and Don Ameche as Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden.   The conversation between the two was considered so risque and bordered on being blasphemous.   She was banned from being featured, or even mentioned on the NBC network.   Mae West didn’t appear on radio for another 31 years. She also starred in her own Las Vegas stage show.   She would sing and was surrounded by handsome body builders while she performed on stage.   Many celebrities attended West’s shows including Judy Garland, Ethel Merman, Louis Armstrong, Liberace, and Jayne Mansfield.   Jayne met and later married one of West’s muscle men, Mickey Hargitay.   Mr. Hargitay was fired for that action. Billy Wilder offered West the role of Norma Desmond in Sunset Boulevard.   She refused and pronounced herself offended at being asked to play a â€Å"has-been† similar to the responses he received from Mary Pickford, Greta Garbo and Pola Negri.   Ultimately, Gloria Swanson was cast in the role, which became immortal on celluloid. In 1958, West appeared at the Academy Awards and performed the song â€Å"Baby, It’s Cold Outside† playfully with Rock Hudson. In 1959, her autobiography was published by Prentice-Hall entitled, â€Å"Goodness Had Nothing to Do With It†. West made some rare appearances on television where viewers reported astonishment at her youthful appearance and energy.   In order to appeal to younger generations, she recorded two rock and roll albums which were received with financial success mainly due to her single â€Å"Treat Him Right† on the â€Å"Way Out West† album. Near the end of her life, she was known for maintaining her surprisingly youthful appearance.   West continued to surround herself with virile men for the rest of her life, employing companions, bodyguards and chauffeurs. In the late summer of 1980, she suffered a stroke at her apartment and fell out of her bed.   She rallied after being rushed to the hospital but suffered another stroke in November.   She was sent home but her prognosis wasn’t good.   She died in her apartment on North Rossmore Avenue in Hollywood at the age of 87. Mae West will forever be remembered as the sexy vamp notorious for sexy   her one-liners. REFERENCES Bynum, Matt. (2006) The Motion Picture Production Code of 1930 (Hays Code). http://www.artsreformation.com/a001/hays-code.html Received on December 12, 2006 Jackson, Denny. (1998). Mae West – The Actress Who Was Way Ahead of Her Time! http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Hills/2440/west.html Received on December 12, 2006 Schickel, Richard. International Herald Tribune. (2006) Mae West. New York City.               

Sugar essays

Sugar essays I thought the performance of the actors and actresses in the play Sugar was an electricifying and exciting piece of theatre performance. Although, my theatre experience is limited to attending live performances, I so really enjoyed myself at the theatre. The personal exchange of chemistry between performer and audience was magical and left me with sheer excitement and amusement for live theatre. It created a special relationship to my spirit, Theatre the lively art. Though the atmosphere was just a final dress rehearsal for opening night, it felt as if it was opening night to me. Being in the outdoors, inside the amphitheatre, on a beautiful spring night with a chill in the air, reminded me of Chicago the Windy City. When the curtains were open and the lights came on it seem as if the stage came to life, with all of the performers bringing their characters alive. The very air itself moved with the electricity of expectation from scene to scene. All of the performers onstage presented their character in dramatic action and moved in ways that convey an image of the person they were portraying. The transformation which took place between the performer and character was amazing for my eyes to behold. One of my favorite performers and they were a few, was Deane Calvin who played Sweet Sue. In addition to her native talent, Ms. Calvin was poised and had a present of authority onstage with her character. She used both her voice and physical training with flexibility and control. Ms. Calvin was able to make her voice heard in a large theatre even when speaking in a regular tone. Also, Ms. Calvin created believability and showed lots of emotional truth to the character she was portraying. I believe Ms. Calvin expressed the emotion and thoughts of how Sweet Sue was thinking and feeling when it came to running her business in the prohibition time of the 20s. Another performer that caught my attenti ...

Earth Tides

A Complete Explanation of Land/Earth Tides Land tides, also called Earth tides, are very small deformations or movements in the Earths lithosphere (surface) caused by the gravitational fields of the sun and moon as the Earth rotates within their fields. Land tides are similar to ocean tides in how they are formed but they have very different impacts on the physical environment. Unlike ocean tides, land tides only change the Earths surface by around 12 inches (30 cm) or so twice a day. The movements caused by land tides are so small that most people are not even aware that they exist. They are very important to scientists like volcanologists and geologists however because it is believed that these small movements may be able to trigger volcanic eruptions. Causes of Land Tides Like ocean tides, the moon has the greatest effect on land tides because it is closer to the Earth than the sun. The sun does have an effect on land tides as well because of its very large size and strong gravitational field. As the Earth rotates around the sun and the moon each of their gravitational fields pull on the Earth. Because of this pull there are small deformations or bulges on the Earths surface or land tides. These bulges face the moon and the sun as the Earth rotates. Like ocean tides where water rises in some areas and it is also forced down in others, the same is true of land tides. Land tides are small though and the actual movement of the Earths surface is usually no greater than 12 inches (30 cm). Monitoring Land Tides Due to these cycles, it is relatively easy for scientists to monitor land tides. Geologists monitor the tides with seismometers, tiltmeters, and strainmeters. All of these instruments are tools that measure the motion of the ground but tiltmeters and strainmeters are capable of measuring slow ground movements. The measurements taken by these instruments are then transferred to a graph where scientists can view the distortion of the Earth. These graphs often look like undulating curves or bulges indicating the upward and downward movement of land tides. The Oklahoma Geological Surveys website provides an example of graphs created with measurements from a seismometer for an area near Leonard, Oklahoma. The graphs show smooth undulations indicating small distortions in the Earths surface. Like ocean tides, the largest distortions for land tides appears to be when there is a new or full moon because this is when the sun and moon are aligned and the lunar and solar distortions combine. Importance of Land Tides In addition to using land tides to test their equipment, scientists are interested in studying their effect on volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. They have found that although the forces causing land tides and the deformations in the Earths surface are very small they do have the power to trigger geologic events because they are causing changes in the Earths surface. Scientists have not yet found any correlations between land tides and earthquakes but they have found a relationship between the tides and volcanic eruptions because of the movement of magma or molten rock inside volcanoes (USGS). To view an in-depth discussion about land tides, read D.C. Agnews 2007 article, Earth Tides.

Men should not be allowed to have more than one wife Essay

Men should not be allowed to have more than one wife - Essay Example Normal relationships are not much serious many people whereas husband and wife relationships are serious to everyone. Genetically, every men and women have some inherited traits of possessiveness. They wanted to keep serious things as their own even though they are ready to share other things. Family life is a serious thing which nobody likes to share with others. â€Å"No polygamous society has ever been a true liberal democracy, in anything like the modern sense. As societies move away from hierarchy and toward equal opportunity, they leave polygamy behind. They monogamize as they modernize†(Rauch, 2006). It is impossible for a society to progress towards prosperity if it allows the males to have multiple partners. It should be noted that individuals constitute family and family constitutes society. Therefore strong bondage between the individuals and family members is necessary for a society to progress in the right direction. Multiple partners never allow men to share their love equally to all. Wives who get more love from the husband may become more loyal whereas neglected ones may look for relationships outside their marriage. Thus social problems may develop. Value of family life rests in the covenant between the husband and wife. Mutual trust between the husbands and wives is necessary to uphold the sanctity of family life. Family life is much more than sexual life. â€Å"In cultures that permit men to take multiple wives, the intra-sexual competition that occurs causes greater levels of crime, violence, poverty and gender inequality than in societies that institutionalize and practice monogamous marriage† (Monogamy reduces major social problems of polygamist cultures, 2012). Many people argue that sex related violence can be reduced considerably if men allow to have more than one wife. In their opinion, illegal relationships are the major cause of domestic violence and such relationships can be eliminated if men allow to

The Management Roles of a Principal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Management Roles of a Principal - Essay Example From this paper, it is clear that courses offered once, as well as the availability of teachers, influence the schedule’s development. Together with the principal, the counselor does the actual work, remembers not to schedule courses at the same time, and considers to accommodate the schedule of teachers. In making adjustments, the principal and the counselor make an initial run through to determine arising conflicts. The district provides a computer program called TEAMS to help manage the schedule. The guidance office, as well as the principal, makes the final approval. As the paper outlines budget management is also part of the role of an administrator. However, the central office is the one responsible for allocating the budget, as well as in providing assistance. In preparing the budget, the goal is to look at the needs of the campus and try not to exceed in its allocation. Budget management process begins towards the end of the year and extends into the Summer months since the school does not have the actual budget until the start of the next school year. Campuses receive their budget allocations after September 1, which includes general operating funds, special education, title funds, and compensatory education funds, as well as the travel and staff development. The Site-Based Decision Making (SBDM) committee, which is composed of teachers, parents, and community leaders helps the principal in making sure that the whole management process is thoroughly made. Allocating the funds is the last step of the process, and the budget is then finalized before September 1st.

Shakespeare Explication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Shakespeare Explication - Essay Example Their love can not be accepted by society, because the family has to approve it first. In this sense love is impossible and tragic. When lovers meet they can experience only "momentany" and momentary passions. Their encounters are short and painful, because they can not fully dedicate each other to the moment of pleasure. They are afraid that they might be seen or caught. That is why their union is "Swift as a shadow, short as any dream". Love is the primary idea around which the play is built up and throughout the scenes we audience is presented with different forms of love. Love is arbitrary and irrational. Compassion and kindness can also inflame passions. Where does this passage stand in the meaning of the whole scene 1 from Act 1. Lysander and Hermia are in love. However, her father Egeus is planning to marry his daughter to Demetrius and is very angry that she refuses. During scene 1 Lysander is trying to convince the public that he deserves Hermia and is equal to Demetrious. What is more he has true feelings to Hermia, whereas Demetrious had a recent affair with Helena. Regardless of his, Helena's tormented by love too, because Demetrious is indifferent to her. And in powerless attempt to win his love, Helena tells him about Hermia's and Demetrious plan to escape from Athens. Unfortunately, the more Helena loves Demetrious, the more he despises her. Love is unexplainable, because there is no reason why Demetrious should not love Helena. If Hermia chooses Lysander she will be punished, just like he describes "War, death, or sickness did lay siege to" true love. At the end of the scene Lysander tries to explain to Hermia that all lovers reach to such moment in their lives, and that this is the only possible course for the true love they have for each other. In Lysander's monologue he is prolific in metaphors to express the nature of love - it is "swift" it is fleeting like the "shadow" it is evanescent as a dream, it is quick as a flash of lighting in a midsummer night. The brevity of love described by Lysander forms the overall feeling that love can not be everlasting when lovers hide their emotions. The course of true love never runs smoothly. Class differences and family bonds "did lay siege to it". Even when love is mutual and is based on sympathy, it often meets the family disapproval. The memories and flashes of love "unfolds" and displays where is the heaven, blissful state and where is the bitter reality. The lovers can not be left alone, they have to be punished for their disobedience. From the background knowledge, love and law are opposed in the play - whether to obey the law and marry the one that your family prefers, or to flee and die for the one you love. Love and law are juxtaposed throughout the play, as well as the motifs of choice, freedom and social values. After the brevity of experiencing their